What is chip validation?

Validation checks that a real chip does what it was promised to do, by testing it in real computers, with real software.

1. Design first, real chip later
Before any chip exists, engineers test its design on computers, like testing a new car as a computer model. This is called verification.
2. Then test the real chips
When the first real chips come from the factory, testers try them in real computers, like test-driving the first real cars. This is validation.
3. Check every promise
Testers check features, speed, power use and stability. They also check the chip with its start-up program (BIOS), the operating system and drivers, the programs that run each part.
4. Early bugs are cheap
A bug found in the design is cheap to fix, but in the lab it may need a new version of the chip. Once on sale, it may need a firmware update or even replacing chips people bought.
5. Many teams, one area each
Many validation teams share the work. Each team owns one area across the whole chip, such as power or graphics, and approves it when it is ready.

Words to know

Verification (pre-silicon): Testing a chip's design on computers, before any real chip, or silicon, exists.
Validation (post-silicon): Testing real chips in real computers after they come from the factory.
Stability: Running for hours or days without crashing or making errors.
BIOS (basic input/output system): The first program the main processor runs at power-on. It sets up the computer.
Driver: Software that lets the operating system use one part of the computer.
Firmware: Software built into a chip or board that runs it from inside.

A power validation team is one of these teams. It tests how real chips manage power, then reports what passes and what fails.

Why is it better to find a bug before the chip goes on sale?Think first, then tap to see the answer.

Early bugs are cheap to fix. Once chips are on sale, a fix may need a firmware update or even new chips.